It can be used as a biofuel alternative to gasoline, and is widely used in cars in Brazil. & Camus, A. in H. Lecomte (1922).
Guda - Saccharum officinarum - Ayushvedah.com Giraldo-Caas, D. (2011).
Tubuai Is.,
High sugar results from S. officinarum and the resistance genes from S. spontaneum. (2008). This term is ultimately of Hebrew origin from (KaNeH) meaning "reed" or "stalk".
Edinburgh University Press. & Huber, O. Thus something sold in a shop was what we would call the authorized version, or the official .
Please give what you can to help us complete this work. The production of ethanol from sugarcane is more energy efficient than from corn or sugar beets or palm/vegetable oils, particularly if cane bagasse is used to produce heat and power for the process. [62] The average worldwide yield of sugarcane crops in 2020 was 71 tonnes per hectare, led by Peru with 123 tonnes per hectare. Flora of Bhutan 3(2): 457-883. Backhuys Publishers. [48], Some sugarcane varieties are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen in association with the bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus. There are three types of sugar cane. (1895). It is an alternative to gasoline, and may become the primary product of sugarcane processing, rather than sugar. (eds.) Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogot. (ed.) [66][69] Along with reducing the overall water use, this method can also decrease soil runoff, and therefore prevent pollutants from entering the environment. Here are steps to take a cutting: Growing sugar cane from seeds is possible, but not typically the preferred choice for best results. The useful plants of west tropical Africa, Vols. Viral diseases affecting sugarcane include sugarcane mosaic virus, maize streak virus, and sugarcane yellow leaf virus. (1940). Food Plants International. Fig. Chad,
2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Castro, C. (Proveedor de metadatos), Bernal, Y. It can be fermented to produce ethanol, which is used to make alcoholic drinks like falernum, rum, and cachaa, but also to make biofuel. Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. The plant is considered to be moderately tolerant to saline soil conditions and relatively tolerant of acid soils[418 ]. Instituto de investigao cientfica tropical, Instituto Portugus de apoio ao desenvolvimento. Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). In Brazil, gasoline is required to contain at least 22% bioethanol. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. The PLANTS Database includes the following data sources of Saccharum officinarum L. Documentation State Type Symbol; Saccharum officinarum L. of Forests, LAE, New Guinea. Although sugar cane is commercially grown (not species plants but complex hybrids involving several different species) around the world for production of sugar (in the U.S. principally in Florida, Louisiana, Texas and Hawaii), it is also now beginning to enter the world of horticulture through cultivars featuring colorful stems and leaves. This plant will provide nectar and pollen for bees and the many other types of pollinating insects. Balick, M.J., Nee, M.H. Uso tradicional de plantas medicinales en la vereda San Isidro, municipio de San Jos de Pare-Boyac: Un estudio preliminar usando tcnicas cuantitativas.
Commercial production of sugar and molasses plus biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel). It focuses on the attributes of plants suitable for food forests, what each can contribute to a food forest ecosystem, including carbon sequestration, and the kinds of foods they yield. Taiwan,
Bases Documentales para la Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial; Plantas vascularis y hongos: 1-414. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co, Crop wild relative Inventory https://www.cwrdiversity.org/checklist/ in The State of the Worlds Plants Report2016. Winter hardy to USDA Zones 9-10 where it is grown in consistently moist but well-drained soils in full sun. Flora of Japan IVa: 1-430. Saccharum officinarum Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of (often hybrid) tall, perennial grass (in the genus Saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar production. For gardeners living in warmer regions, these plants can become invasive with the right conditions, so proper maintenance and consideration of where they are being planted will be important. Bahamas,
& Fonseca, R.M. Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. We are currently updating this section.
https://prota4u.org/database/. This datasheet on Saccharum officinarum covers Identity, Overview, Associated Diseases, Pests or Pathogens, Distribution, Biology & Ecology, Uses, Management, Genetics and Breeding, Economics, Further Information. C.F.P.von Martius & auct. Stay informed about PFAFs progress, challenges and hopes by signing up for our free email ePost. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
Saccharum Officinarum - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Burundi,
Sugarcane plantations and Asian ethnic groups continue to thrive in countries such as Fiji, South Africa, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad, Martinique, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Grenada, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, St. Kitts, St. Croix, Suriname, Nevis, and Mauritius. Plants of Angola. The Bentham-Moxon Trust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Hubbard, C.E. A very greedy plant, soon exhausting the soil of nutrients[459 ].
Institut d' Elevage et de Mdecine Vtrinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort. Biotypes with smaller chromosome numbers are typically distributed in north India, whilst those with higher ploidy levels are distributed in eastern India and further south in Indonesia. The resulting 'noble canes' were those grown in . Once a major crop of the southeastern region of the United States, sugarcane cultivation declined there during the late 20th century, and is primarily confined to small plantations in Florida, Louisiana, and southeast Texas in the 21st century. Artesanas de Colombia S.A. , Instituto de Ciencias Naturales-Universidad Nacional de Colombia. (2012). Florida,
During its optimum growth period in the summer, sugar cane requires fertilizer feedings every week. Both plentiful sunshine and water supplies increase cane production. [43][44] Sesamia grisescens is a major pest in Papua New Guinea and so is a serious concern for the Australian industry were it to cross over. Flora of Cyprus 2: 833-1970. Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2003). It usually takes about two weeks for shoots to start appearing on the nodes and roots to begin forming. Molasses is produced in two forms: blackstrap, which has a characteristic strong flavor, and a purer molasses syrup. Boissiera 58: 1-401. C.F.P.von Martius & auct. Saccharum officinarum produces the highest number of calories per sq. Chew, squeeze, or crush your harvested stalks for a sweet treat. Data Source. They are crushed to extract this sap, which is then used in a variety of ways. Saccharum L. 6: 378379. Mississippi,
Modern sugarcane cultivars are derived essentially from interspecific hybridisations involving different Saccharum species ( Simmonds, 1976; Daniels and Roach, 1987 ). State of the Worlds Plants 2017. Estudio florstico de la agrobiodiversidad del municipio de Garagoa (Valle de Tenza, Boyac, Colombia). Lejeunia; Revue de Botanique, n.s., 132: 1-127.
Flore de l'ile de la Runion: 1-574. A product's hazard score is not an average of the ingredients' hazard scores. [55][56] Refineries, often located nearer to consumers in North America, Europe, and Japan, then produce refined white sugar, which is 99% sucrose. W.Lechler, Berberid. Davidse, G. & al. The extracts were prepared from dried s ugarcane leaves and us ed as both a s tabilizer and a reduc . If available other names are mentioned here. Brit. The leaves are green, alternate, linear, and elongated with internodes, thick midribs, and saw-toothed edges. nud. Sugar refining further purifies the raw sugar. Benin,
Harvesting is best done in the fall before the first frost. GBIF species matching tool. Runion,
The RHS Award of Garden Merit (AGM) helps gardeners choose the best plants for their garden. Sugar cane probably originated in New Guinea, and was brought to the Americas in 1493 by the explorer Christopher Columbus. Subtropical region - It is cultivated in tropical fields. (2013). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(2): 1-94. Grasses of West Tripura district, Tripura, India. Algeria,
Zare. (eds. : t. 111 (1764), opus utique oppr. Furthermore, if biofuels are used for crop production and transport, the fossil energy input needed for each ethanol energy unit can be very low. (eds.) Inventario preliminar de las plantas utilizadas para elaborar artesanas en Colombia. A Handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. suc. When irrigated, yields of 100 - 150 tons of cane can be obtained from mature plants[418 ]. In order to improve the sugarcane quality, breeders .
Report. Stems contain a sweet juice that may be extracted for production of sugar or molasses. https://www.ars-grin.gov/, Instituto de Investigacin de Recursos Biolgicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Sugar crystals appear naturally white in color during the crystallization process. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517. 1994. Cuba,
(2021). The definitions of the Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane)-derived ingredients included in this review are provided in Table 1; the generic CAS number for the majority of these ingredients is 91722-22-4.1 Sugarcane is a perennial grass, indigenous to tropical south and southeast Asia.3 The plant is currently cultivated in many regions, namely Br. About 70% of the sugar produced worldwide comes from S.officinarum and hybrids using this species. Poaceae (Gramineae). Germplasm innovation is a significant way to breed breakthrough sugarcane varieties. Young plants can yield 60 - 90 tons[418 ].
[77][78] As sugarcane is a seasonal crop, shortly after harvest the supply of bagasse would peak, requiring power generation plants to strategically manage the storage of bagasse. (1969). Singapore Botanic Gardens. [35], Sugarcane is cultivated in the tropics and subtropics in areas with a plentiful supply of water for a continuous period of more than 67 months each year, either from natural rainfall or through irrigation. [45], Numerous pathogens infect sugarcane, such as sugarcane grassy shoot disease caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma sacchari,[46] whiptail disease or sugarcane smut, pokkah boeng caused by Fusarium moniliforme, Xanthomonas axonopodis bacteria causes Gumming Disease, and red rot disease caused by Colletotrichum falcatum. 2567 registros, aportados por: Castellanos, C. (Contacto del recurso), Valderrama, N. (Creador del recurso, Autor), Bernal, Y. After harvest, the crop produces sugar juice and bagasse, the fibrous dry matter. Datta, B.K., Saha, R. Roy, M. & Majumder, K. (2008).
The Royal Horticultural Society is the UKs leading gardening charity. The process is not complicated. Extraction of the juice and boiling to concentrate it was probably first done in India more than 2,000 years ago. Sugarcane remains an important part of the economy of Cuba, Guyana, Belize, Barbados, and Haiti, along with the
Mat. Countries where the plant has been found are listed here if the information is available.
In some countries the plant is intercropped with indigo or other leguminous plants between the rows when the canes are first planted. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew https://stateoftheworldsplants.org/2016/. [66] While the majority of this clearance occurred in the past, expansions have occurred within the past couple decades, further contributing to habitat destruction. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Kongl. Last Revised by: Curated and maintained by: USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team. Togo,
[39] Each cutting must contain at least one bud, and the cuttings are sometimes hand-planted. The foliage colors vary depending on the cultivar, but the grass tends to be large and richly green with very sharp edges that require care when handling. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. Austral.
Leaves and sheaths of some varieties are covered with a large number of siliceous hairs. Modern sugarcane cultivars are derived essentially from interspecific hybridisations involving different Saccharum species (Simmonds, 1976; Daniels and Roach, 1987 ). Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
A grass species originated in Southeast Asia, Saccharum officinarum or Sugarcane is a perennial clump-forming plant reaching a height of up to 5m. [66] However, in certain areas, such as parts of the Caribbean and South Africa, slopes greater than 20% have been planted. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville. East Himalaya,
Burkina,
By 1540, there were 800 cane sugar mills in Santa Catarina Island and another 2,000 on the north coast of Brazil, Demarara, and Suriname. Regional: Papuasia. Propagate by division or rooting stem sections. (1995). Mechanical harvesting uses a combine, or sugarcane harvester. Maldives,
Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. Yes, planting seed canes and maintaining sugar cane is very easy when grown as a perennial in warm regions and an annual in colder parts of the country. Guinea,
Lee, W.T. Pigs fed on sugarcane juice and a soy-based protein supplement produced stronger piglets that grew faster than those on a more conventional diet. If this happens, it is usually best to cut the plant back and remove dead, withered foliage for a tidier appearance. Jansen, P., Lemmens, R., Oyen, L., Siemonsma, J., Stavast, F. & Van Valkenburg, J. Not only are they dying because of exhaustion but some of the workers are being exposed to several hazards such as, high temperatures, harmful pesticides, and poisonous or venomous animals. Well-grown plants can become invasive[200 ]. This study evaluated the reproductive effects of S. officinarum juice in male Wistar rats. Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so its worth checking. Bloom Color: White/Near White. You will receive a range of benefits including: Office of Forests, Division of Botany, Lae, Papua New Guinea.
1: 132 (1812), nom. Chater (eds.) Scripta Botanica Belgica 2: 1-153. Grows best in a sunny position. Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). Otherwise, sugar cane can be grown as annuals. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Madeira,
It is native to the warm temperate and tropical regions of India, Southeast Asia, and New Guinea. Two to 10 harvests are usually made depending on the type of culture. [4][5] Sugarcane harvest typically occurs before the plants flower, as the flowering process causes a reduction in sugar content. Beginning at around 6,000 BP it was selectively bred from the native Saccharum robustum. Vol 2: 1-38. [66] Among these efforts is switching to alternative irrigation techniques, such as drip irrigation, which are more water efficient. Since the leaves can be very sharp, it's advised to avoid planting sugar cane in high-traffic areas or in gardens with little elbow room. (2008).
Maisons Alfort: Institut d'levage et de mdecine vtrinaire des pays tropicaux.
Saccharum - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum) is an indispensable plant, representing a significant proportion of cultivated crops worldwide.
Saccharum officinarum - North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox Mexico Southwest,
Versin 11.0. http://i2d.humboldt.org.co/ceiba/resource.do?r=ls_colombia_magnoliophyta_2014, Linares, E. (1994). Saccharum officinarum, known as sugar cane, is a large tufted perennial grass that is probably native to Southeast Asia. ft. of growing area of any plant in the world and is the source of 70% of the sugar in the world. Bras. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Belize with Common Names an Uses: 1-246.
Saccharum Officinarum (Sugar Cane) Extract - Environmental Working Group [65], The cultivation of sugarcane can lead to increased soil loss through the removal of soil at harvest, as well as improper irrigation practices, which can result in erosion. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.501.2.1.
Seed - Cuttings, consisting of 2 - 3 joints of the upper part of a stem that has been selected from a vigorous, healthy plant. Instituto de Investigacin de Recursos Biolgicos Alexander von Humbodlt (2014). Exell, A.W. (ed.) [45] To head off such a problem, the Federal Government has pre-announced that they would cover 80% of response costs if it were necessary. Boulos, L. (2005). The earliest evidence of sugar production comes from ancient Sanskrit and Pali texts. Production of biodiesel from sugar cane is expected in the near future.Genus name comes from the Greek word sakcharon meaning the sweet juice of sugarcane which came from an Asiatic word, seemingly the Malay singkara.Specific epithet means of shops, generally apothecaries. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0, Copyright 2022 International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants.
Sugarcane crop is able to efficiently fix solar energy, yielding some 55 tonnes of dry matter per hectare of land annually. Candollea 77: 105-118. . The profits from the sale of sugar were then used to purchase manufactured goods, which were then shipped to West Africa, where they were bartered for slaves. Pacific Plant Studies 43: 1-34. (Plant has spines or sharp edges; use extreme caution when handling ). (eds.)
Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022).
Madagascar,
spontaneum. Species Plantarum 1: 54, Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saccharum&oldid=1139862484, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 07:27.
(2001). However, watering can be reduced if you plan to harvest mature stems. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192. An alternative to this "phosphatation" technique is "carbonatation", which is similar, but uses carbon dioxide and calcium hydroxide to produce a calcium carbonate precipitate. Stalks are long and skinny, ranging from 2 to 8 meters in height but only 2 to 8 centimeters in width. Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435.
it is used to treat curare poisoning[348 ] A decoction of the young leaves is used to treat urinary conditions[348 ]. Boulvert, Y. [8], Portions of the stem of this and several other species of sugarcane have been used from ancient times for chewing to extract the sweet juice. These legumes are turned into the soil while they are still green and succulent.
Trinidad-Tobago,
[66], Sugarcane processing produces a wide variety of pollutants, including heavy metals and bagasse, which can be released into the environment through wastewater discharge. Artschwager & Brandes in U.S. Dept. Bras. The leaves make a good forage for ruminants. : 54 (1753) This species is accepted The native range of this species is New Guinea. [49] Unlike legumes and other nitrogen-fixing plants that form root nodules in the soil in association with bacteria, G. diazotrophicus lives within the intercellular spaces of the sugarcane's stem. Panam,
[27][28] The people were subject to indenture, a long-established form of contract, which bound them to unfree labour for a fixed term. ?arasa, us, ush, zukerrohr. Grows best in a position sheltered from strong winds[418 ]. This plant will provide nectar and pollen for bees and the many other types of pollinating insects. var. [42] The Austoft 7000 series, the original modern harvester design, has now been copied by other companies, including Cameco/John Deere. Ann. [62] The theoretical possible yield for sugarcane is about 280 tonnes per hectare per year, and small experimental plots in Brazil have demonstrated yields of 236280 tonnes of cane per hectare. Beginning around 6,000 BP, several strains were selectively bred from the native Saccharum robustum.
New Caledonia,
Saccharum officinarum (SAK-har-um of-fee-shee-NAR-um) means "sugar of the shops." Officinarum comes from Latin and the Romans.
National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaound. RBG, Kew (2021). Catlogo de las Gramneas de Mxico: 1-671. Saccharum officinarum is a large, strong-growing species of grass in the genus Saccharum. It can also result in sediments and other pollutants being washed into aquatic habitats, which can result in a wide range of environmental issues, including eutrophication and acidification. Assam,
[3], Sucrose (table sugar) is extracted from sugarcane in specialized mill factories. Plants Resources of Tropical Africa.
Flora of Singapore 7: 1-525. Although sugar cane is a vegetative crop that does well with larger quantities of nitrogen, be careful not to go too high because this may weaken the plant's stems. The sugar is extracted from the stems. The stems vary in colour, being green, pinkish, or purple and can reach 5 metres (16 feet) in height. Many enthusiasts mix a fertile compost and lime into the soil. Flora und Fauna der Comoren: 428-480. de Cordemoy, E.J.
(2010). Guatemala,
Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. The fruits are dry and each one contains a single seed. Ethanol is generally available as a byproduct of sugar production. [66][68] This has altered the amount of water reaching aquatic habitats, and has contributed to the degradation of ecosystems such as the Great Barrier Reef and Indus Delta. Saccharum officinarum appears to have derived from selection and domestication of S. robustum. Flora Mesoamericana 6: 1-543. [66][67] This in turn can increase surface runoff, resulting in greater leaching and erosion.
Medicinal Plant Names Services (MPNS) v.10 (2021); http://mpns.kew.org/, PROTA (2021). It is used as a fuel and for the manufacture of fibreboard, paper pulp, plastic, furfural, and cellulose[46 , 418 ]. Sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) is a member of the Andropogoneae tribe of the Poaceae (grass) family. Middleton, D.J. We rely on donations from our users to keep maintaining and extending our free-to-use database of over 8000 edible and useful plants. Sugarcane consumes 9% of the world's potash fertilizer production.[38].
Brief Description of Saccharum officinarum. Read our Commitment to Diversity | Read our Privacy Statement.
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