Our NEW In-Fusion Cloning Primer Design Tool allows for single- or multiple-insert cloning, accommodates vector linearization by inverse PCR or restriction digest, and enables site-directed mutagenesis. This ligation-free protocol is adaptable to a wide range of applications, including multiple-fragment cloning, site-directed mutagenesis, and automated high-throughput workflows. Malathi Raman or Karen Martin. Just four simple steps guarantee cloning accuracy above 95%. InFusion Cloning, developed by TBUSA, is a unique method that seamlessly joins together linear fragments of DNA in a single, 15-minute reaction. Determine final desired construct. Primer design is critical to PCR cloning success, and we developed this new tool to guide researchers through the process, step-by-step. It is provided in a convenient, lyophilized (dry) format. Our comprehensive cloning portfolio supports both traditional methods and In-Fusion Cloning, a unique and highly efficient method for seamless cloning. All trademarks are the property of Takara Bio Inc. or its affiliate(s) in the U.S. and/or other countries or their respective owners. For more information, visit takarabio.com. 2023 Takara Bio Inc. All Rights Reserved. Manufacturer Takara Bio|Available Worldwide, Fast Your inquiry will be delivered straight to the manufacturer, Secure We only pass your details on to trusted suppliers at your request, Save time Submit your details once and make multiple inquiries, "Best rubustness and ruggudness of equipment", The supplier does not provide quotations for this product through SelectScience. Like any PCR-based cloning technique, sequence verification of your final clone is absolutely required. To insert bases, design primers with 15-bp overlaps that contain the desired insertion(s) within the overlapping region (Fig. Primer design is critical to PCR cloning success, and we developed this new tool to guide researchers through the process, step-by-step. In-Fusion cloning technology is flexible in kit format and cloning setup, and the primer design tool accommodates both of these aspects: The primer design function is compatible with vector linearization by inverse PCR or restriction digest, and with single- or multiple-insert cloning. The PITCh donor vectors carrying 3 Flag tag, donor vectors for triple knock-in, and the HR donor vector were constructed by PCR and In-Fusion cloning (Takara) using the primers listed in . I am using this kit from last year and its perfect for cloning larger construct. We are very excited to open our platform to TBUSA users via this primer design tool. 2, mutation shown in yellow). Takara Bio Europe is a member of the Takara Bio Group, a leading life sciences company that is committed to improving the human condition through biotechnology. Takara Bio USA, Inc.United States/Canada: +1.800.662.2566 Asia Pacific: +1.650.919.7300 Europe: +33. TeselaGen uses its proprietary Synthetic Evolution technology for efficient rapid prototyping and editing of recombinant molecules. In-Fusion cloning is a remarkably versatile method developed by Takara Biosciences for creating seamless gene fusions. In-Fusion cloning allows you to add any insert into any vector at any site making it an extremely versatile cloning method. Read our, Back to In-Fusion Cloning general information, Stellar Competent Cells product overview and performance data, In-Fusion Snap Assembly vs. GeneArt Gibson Assembly HiFi, In-Fusion Snap Assembly vs. NEBuilder HiFi, Improving background over Gibson Assembly, A successful alternative to ligation cloning, In-Fusion Cloning applications collection, Rapid, high-throughput cloning for antibody development, Solve a synthesis challenge with easy multiple-insert cloning, Simplified insertion of a GFP-encoding cassette into a 100-kb plasmid, Efficient cloning for sgRNA/Cas9 plasmids, De novo insertion of small fusion protein tags, General information about restriction enzymes, Universal buffers for double digestion with restriction enzymes, Restriction enzymes affected by methylation, Methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes, Exceptional accuracy minimizes screening and saves time, Unique mechanism prevents junction errors and empty vector background, Unparalleled versatility for a variety of applications, Quick, scalable workflow that can be easily automated, RNA extraction and analysis for real-time qPCR, Primary antibodies and ELISAs by research area, Outsourcing stem cell-based disease model development, Gene and cell therapy manufacturing services, SmartChip Real-Time PCR System introduction, Guest webinar: extraction-free SARS-CoV-2 detection, Guest webinar: developing and validating molecular diagnostic tests, Interview: adapting to change with Takara Bio, Webinar: Speeding up diagnostic development, Characterizing the viral genome and host response, Immunizing mice and optimizing vaccine targets, Gene editing for cancer therapy/drug discovery, SMART-Seq Pro Biomarker Discovery Contest. In-Fusion seamless cloning - Takara Bio *Save favorites by clicking the star () in the top right corner of each page while you're logged in. Clone any insert, with any vector, at any site. 288 #166 Portola Valley, CA 94028-7549. In-Fusion Advantage PCR Cloning Kit User Manual Protocol No. The In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix offers high cloning efficiency, especially for longer fragments, short oligonucleotides, and multiple fragments. This product is covered by the claims of U.S. Patent Nos. *Save favorites by clicking the star () in the top right corner of each page while you're logged in. Fast and easy application in combination with efficiencies of <90% positive clones. Takara Biosciences recommends the following molar ratios: The primary catalytic function of the In-Fusion reagent is its exonuclease activity. Obtain your final construct. Primer design for base insertions or base substitutions. Privacy Policy Takara Bio USA, TeselaGen Biotechnology launch new primer tool for easy Using In-Fusion Technology for High-Throughput Precision Cloning of Constructs Expressing Signal Takara Clontechs Tips for cDNA Synthesis and Library Construction, Corporate Social Responsibility Statement, Lab Automation, AI & Digital Transformation -, Food Contamination: Quality, Safety & Authenticity -, Sub-cloning is unnecessaryClone any insert, into any location, within any vector, Highly efficientOver 95% efficiency demonstrated with a broad range of fragment sizes from 0.5 kb to 15 kb, Seamless constructionFinal constructs have no extra base pairs left over (as is often the case with restriction digest or TA cloning), Flexibility to clone single or multiple fragmentsClone single or multiple DNA fragments simultaneously, in a single reaction, Can be used to perform site-directed mutagenesis. FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. The area in which mutagenesis occurs is shown in yellow. This 15-bp overlap can be engineered by designing primers for amplification of the desired sequences. No user data is stored. Takara Bio USA, Inc. provides kits, reagents, instruments, and services that help researchers explore questions about gene discovery, regulation, and function. 2). Takara Bio USA, Inc. (TBUSA, formerly Clontech Laboratories, Inc.), a wholly owned subsidiary of Takara Bio Inc., today announced the launch of the InFusion Cloning Primer Design Tool, powered by TeselaGen Biotechnology, Inc. software. Perform the In-Fusion reaction using the inverse PCR product (linearized target vector containing mutation). It is specific and directional, ensuring an exceptionally high rate of cloning accuracy in all applications. This collaboration is a natural one for us since making cloning easy and repeatable is a primary focus for us at TeselaGen." The tail of each primer needs to be designed to overlap the tail of the adjacent insert or vector depending on the desired position. Clone any insert, with any vector, at any site. As one of several synthetic biology assembly techniques, In-Fusion is a sequence-independent and seamless cloning technique. The efficiency of In-Fusion HD Cloning Kits is over 95% across a broad insert size range (0.5 to 15 kb inserts). In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mix enables high-efficiency, high-fidelity, directional cloning of one or more PCR fragments into any vector. Culture medium analysis for a metabolic analysis of antibody-producing cells using LC-MS/MS and Sequence analysis of antisense nucleic acid using a MALDI-8030 benchtop MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer, Fully automated simultaneous analysis of cephem antibiotics in serum by LC-MS/MS, Protein and peptide mass spectrometry imaging on the MALDI-8020 benchtop MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer, Oligonucleotide Purification and Quantification Technology. This 15-bp overlap can be engineered into the primers designed for PCR amplification of the desired sequences. Inverse PCR is then performed with the provided high-fidelity CloneAmp HiFi PCR Premix (included in all In-Fusion HD Cloning Plus systems) and the target circular cloning vector. The cornerstone of In-Fusion cloning technology is Clontech's proprietary In-Fusion Enzyme, which fuses DNA fragments e.g. Any vector suitable for the downstream experimental use can be used in the In-Fusion reaction. 2023 Takara Bio Inc. All Rights Reserved. In-Fusion Cloning is beautifully versatile. Clone any insert, with any vector, at any site. InFusion Cloning, developed by TBUSA, is a unique method that seamlessly joins together linear fragments of DNA in a single, 15-minute reaction. In-Fusion Cloning, developed by TBUSA, is a unique method that seamlessly joins together linear fragments of DNA in a single, 15-minute reaction. The In-Fusion Cloning products allow ligation-independent cloning of PCR products into any vector, at any site of linearization, to which takes as little as 15 minutes. Request a quote Aplication support In-Fusion Cloning Kits TaKaRa Bio Easy, reliable and seamless cloning without addition of the unnecessary base to the system in 15 minutes Kits need ligation and are absolutely seamless Final construct have no extra base pairs left over The reaction last 15 minutes for single or multiple fragments PubMed In-Fusion Snap Assembly Master Mixesandbundlesoffer the ability to customize reaction volumes and plasticware, while the lyophilized format,In-Fusion Snap Assembly EcoDryoffers prealiquoted components to minimize handling errors, and can be stored at room temperature. With an easy-to-follow protocol that provides high efficiency, you can successfully perform a wide array of applications, all with the same kit. Takara Bio is proud to offer GMP-grade manufacturing capabilities at our award-winning facility in Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan. In-Fusion Cloning Kits - TaKaRa Bio | Explorea In-Fusion Cloning - JuniperLifeSciences Sign up to get PRNs top stories and curated news delivered to your inbox weekly! Key products include SMART cDNA synthesis kits for a variety of samples and applications, including NGS; high-performance qPCR and PCR reagents (including the Takara Ex Taq, Takara LA Taq, Titanium, and Advantage enzymes); Cellartis stem cells and stem cell reagents; RT enzymes and SMART library construction kits; the innovative In-Fusion cloning system; Guide-it gene editing tools; Tet-based inducible gene expression systems; and Living Colors fluorescent proteins. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. The cornerstone of In-Fusion Cloning technology is Clontech's proprietary In-Fusion Enzyme, which fuses DNA fragments e.g. The free online tool is powered by TeselaGen Biotechnology software, and provides researchers with a method to seamlessly join together linear fragments of DNA in a single, 15-minute reaction. NOTE:we are in the process of discontinuing our In-Fusion HD Cloning kits and strongly recommend ordering our latest In-Fusion product,In-Fusion Snap Assembly. PubMed Central 3 simple steps to seamless & accurate cloning, Note: Rating is based on over 5000 citations for In-Fusion Cloning on Bioz, In-Fusion Cloning vs other seamless cloning technologies. Definitely a useful alternative to ligation-dependent cloning. A video series on how to simulate a range of cloning techniques in SnapGene, Step by step instructions for In-Fusion Cloning with SnapGene, An in-depth guide to performing In-Fusion Cloning. This method can be used to clone single or multiple fragments into a single vector without sub-cloning. Learn how to simulate In-Fusion cloning in SnapGene, A video series on how to simulate a range of cloning techniques in SnapGene. , , , , , , Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG), HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning), Machine Tools, Metalworking and Metallurgy, Aboriginal, First Nations & Native American. In-Fusion Cloning and traditional cloning workflows. in fusion hd ecodry cloning plus kit TaKaRa is a verified supplier . In-Fusion allows you to engineer both single and multiple mutations (deletions, insertions and substitutions) quickly and efficiently in one reaction. In-Fusion Cloning mechanism - YouTube For the In-Fusion reaction, a linearized vector is mixed with one or more PCR products that have overlapping ends. Overhangs can be engineered into cloning experiments by including the appropriate sequences in PCR primers. Because there is no need to digest the insert(s) prior to incubation with the vector, the In-Fusion Cloning workflow is significantly shorter than that of traditional cloning by restriction enzymes. To perform mutagenesis with In-Fusion, the first step involves designing inverse PCR primers that have a 15-bp overlap with each other at their 5 ends and incorporate the mutation of interest. I highly recommend because of its capability and sensitivity, saved lot of time as compared to normal cloning and decreases repetitive experiment as indirectly save cost as well. Terms of Use However, mutagenesis tasks involving deletion, insertion or substitution of a sequence are typically achieved using a PCR-based method. I'm using the In-Fusion HD cloning kit from Takara to try to make chimeras.. About Takara Bio Inc. Takara Bio Inc. is an innovative biotechnology company based in Shiga, Japan. Copyright 2023 GenomeWeb, a business unit of Crain Communications. Like other PCR-based advanced cloning techniques, In-Fusion Cloning allows you to directly adjoin your fragments of interest with appropriately designed primers. Easily switch to the mutagenesis option to generate primers for all of your insertion, replacement, and deletion projects. Cloning Plus is sequence independent, seamless, directional and flexible enough to use with any vector, and it consistently allows over 95% cloning efficiency. Additional product, intellectual property, and restricted use information is available at takarabio.com. Transformation of a portion of the In-Fusion reaction into Stellar competent cells is then performed according to our protocol. This kit is perfect for cloning larger fragment up to 4kb in first attempt. Dear experts! A study in Cell Genomics outlines open-source methods being used to analyze and translate whole-genome, exome, and RNA sequence data from the Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas. Heres how. In-Fusion Cloning is the most elegant and simple seamless cloning technology available. Takara Bio subsidiary Takara Bio USA has launched the In-Fusion Cloning Primer Design Tool. SnapGene simplifies In-Fusion cloning by automating . (0)77.565.6999FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. The In-Fusion Snap Assembly EcoDry Master Mix with Competent Cells enables high-efficiency, high-fidelity, directional cloning of one or more PCR fragments into any vector. To obtain Additional bases added to the primers will be maintained after the In-Fusion reaction. A single insert and vector with homologous ends. Mutagenesis can. 4). Cells are provided in 100-l aliquots in individual tubes. As an expert in in silico DNA editing and design, TeselaGen was uniquely positioned to anticipate the complexities and nuances inherent in building this custom tool. In-Fusion Cloning - Snapgene (0)1.3904.6880 Japan: +81. In the absence of dNTPs, and when provided a substrate of double-stranded DNA, the exonuclease will chew back each 3 end, creating asymmetrical overhangs. The polymerase master mix is provided in 625-l aliquots. The In-Fusion Cloning Primer Design Tool responds in real time to user input and allows for easy visualization and planning of any In-Fusion Cloning project. - PrimeSTAR Max DNA Polymerase: This convenient 2X liquid master mix offers exceptionally accurate, efficient, and fast DNA amplification. Inverse Fusion PCR Cloning | PLOS ONE Due to their length, many primer tails do not form stable secondary structures during PCR, where the reaction temperature ranges from 60C to 75C. The key to In-Fusion Cloning is 15 bp of homology between your insert(s) and linearized vector backbone. In-Fusion Cloning protocol. Because there is no need to digest the insert(s) prior to incubation with the vector, the In-Fusion Cloning workflow is significantly shorter than that of traditional cloning by restriction enzymes. Organization: Brigham and Women's Hospital, HMS, Organization: University of Milan Bicocca, Application Area:Gateway-cloning of BCR constructs, PCR Cloning Kit-Seamless DNA Cloning with In-Fusion HD Cloning Plus. Read our, In-Fusion Snap Assembly EcoDry (lyophilized formula), In-Fusion Snap Assembly for high-throughput workflows, High-Salt Solution for Precipitation (Plant), RNA extraction and analysis for real-time qPCR, Primary antibodies and ELISAs by research area, Outsourcing stem cell-based disease model development, Gene and cell therapy manufacturing services, SmartChip Real-Time PCR System introduction, Guest webinar: extraction-free SARS-CoV-2 detection, Guest webinar: developing and validating molecular diagnostic tests, Interview: adapting to change with Takara Bio, Webinar: Speeding up diagnostic development, Characterizing the viral genome and host response, Immunizing mice and optimizing vaccine targets, Gene editing for cancer therapy/drug discovery, SMART-Seq Pro Biomarker Discovery Contest. In-Fusion is a registered trademark of Takara Bio Inc, USA. Additionally, In-Fusion Cloning contains protocols that accommodate lyophilized or liquid reagents and a variety of methods for purification of the PCR-generated inserts. Latest: Environmental Analysis, Pesticides, Contaminants & Sustainability: Technologies and Latest: 6 upcoming webinars to boost your research, Latest: Materials science: Key technological advancements to celebrate, The biopharma innovations transforming patient health. In addition to the cloning kit, this package includes Stellar Competent Cells, an E.coli HST08 strain that provides high transformation efficiency paired with blue-white screening capability when used with pUC plasmid vectors. The next day, colonies are screened for the presence of the mutated target construct; over 95% of correct clones containing the final desired construct are consistently and reproducibly obtained across a broad range of inserts from 0.5 kb to 15 kb in size. Primers are selected that will amplify the backbone of your chosen cloning vector, removing the section of the vector that will be replaced by the insert. In-fusion cloning with vaccinia virus DNA polymerase - PubMed All Rights Reserved. About Takara Bio USA, Inc. Takara Bio USA, Inc. (formerly Clontech Laboratories, Inc.), a wholly owned subsidiary of Takara Bio Inc., develops, manufactures, and distributes a wide range of life science reagents under the Takara, Clontech, and Cellartis brands. We are very excited to open our platform to TBUSA users via this primer design tool. - Stellar Competent Cells: High-efficiency competent cells are essential to the success of In-Fusion Cloning. Cision Distribution 888-776-0942 For the In-Fusion reaction, a linearized vector is mixed with one or more PCR products with overlapping ends. In-Fusion Snap Assembly Vs GeneArt Gibson Assembly, In-Fusion Snap Assembly from Takara Bio uses a seamless cloning-based strategy, which smoothly places DNA fragments of any size or sequence into the destination vector without leaving scars. Watch how to simulate Takara's In-Fusion Cloning with a single fragment in SnapGene. Nature Methods , . Overlapping regions with highly stable secondary structures may resist exo-nuclease activity. This 15 bp overlap can be engineered by designing primers for amplification of the desired sequences. One solution for cloning and mutagenesis: In-Fusion - Nature The goal is to expose the engineered overlaps between your fragments. In-Fusion PCR Cloning Kits enable sequence independent, directional, and seamless cloning of ANY PCR fragment-or multiple fragments-into ANY linearized vector at ANY locus in a single 15-minute reaction. The In-Fusion enzyme blend is proprietary to Takara Bio-sciences, entailing associated reagent costs. Follow TeselaGen on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Google+, and learn more at teselagen.com. Nat Methods 11, iiiv (2014). PCR-generated sequences and linearized vectors, efficiently and precisely by recognizing a 15 bp overlap at their ends. Takara Bio USA, Inc. (TBUSA, formerly Clontech Laboratories, Inc.), a wholly owned subsidiary of Takara Bio Inc., today announced the launch of the InFusion Cloning Primer Design Tool, powered by TeselaGen Biotechnology, Inc. software. It was developed with TeselaGen specifically to cater to the requirements of In-Fusion Cloning and to support the wide range of cloning applications available when using In-Fusion technology, including multi-fragment cloning, mutagenesis, and general cloning. The In-Fusion Cloning products allow ligation-independent cloning of PCR products into any vector, at any site of linearization. PDF In-Fusion HD Cloning Kit User Manual - takara.co.kr Our mission is to develop high-quality innovative tools and services to accelerate discovery. ISSN 1548-7105 (online) The free, online primer design tool facilitates easy design and a smooth transition from planning to experimental work. ordersEU@takarabio.comtechEU@takarabio.com+33 139 046 880. The homologous ends between insert(s) and vector are designed into your primers, and the two are annealed during the In-Fusion Cloning reaction. Reserve a personalized walk-through. Mutation-specific reporter for optimization and enrichment of - Nature The In-Fusion Snap Assembly EcoDry Master Mix enables high-efficiency, high-fidelity, directional cloning of one or more PCR fragments into any vector. In just one quick reaction, you can clone any insert into any vector at any locus, without the hassle of subcloning, unwanted extra bases, or inconvenient restriction sites. In Fusion Kit | TaKaRa | Bioz PCR-generated sequences and linearized vectors, efficiently and. As a member of the Takara Bio Group, Takara Bio USA is part of a company that holds a leadership position in the global market and is committed to improving the human condition through biotechnology. With empty vector background levels approaching zero, you can pick just a few colonies and be confident that you have the right clone. In-Fusion Cloning Articles in this section Simulate In-Fusion Cloning with One Insert Simulate In-Fusion Cloning with Multiple Inserts Simulate In-Fusion Cloning with One Insert 7 months ago How do I simulate In-Fusion cloning in Snapgene? Takara Bio USA Release: Company And TeselaGen Biotechnology - BioSpace As a world leader in biotechnology research and development, Takara Bio was the first company to market PCR technology in Japan and is also the developer of the RetroNectin reagent, which is used as a world standard in gene therapy protocols. Single insert In-Fusion cloning requires a PCR reaction that amplifies the insert of interest and adds the necessary nucleotides for annealing to the vector. The design of these primers should be based on standard primer design guidelines. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more. Cloning Methods: 5 Different Ways to Assemble - Bitesize Bio What does it take to generate good science? After transformation and plating, 20 colonies from each replicate were analyzed by Sanger sequencing (for the 3.8-kb insert) or colony PCR (for the adenovirus insert) to determine the cloning accuracy. The binding site for the forward primer (turquoise and black) is located on the cloning vector backbone. Need more details? FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. They may not be used for any other purpose, including, but not limited to, use in humans, therapeutic or diagnostic use, or commercial use of any kind. If homologous overlaps are not exposed, the In-Fusion reaction will not succeed. In-Fusion Cloning utilizes the DNA polymerase from Vaccinia Virus. Linearized vectors may also be generated using Inverse PCR. 2023 Takara Bio Inc. All Rights Reserved. Here's how. It enables direct cloning of PCR products to linearized vectors without the need of previous purification steps or vector dephosphorylation. Its easy to design and clone. InFusion HD cloning system offers seamless way for rapid plasmid construction. Excessive nuclease activity will create exposed single-stranded ends that are longer than desired. Site-Directed Mutagenesis Tips and Tricks - Bitesize Bio Single solution, ready to use 2x ligation mix. Our products may not be transferred to third parties, resold, modified for resale, or used to manufacture commercial products or to provide a service to third parties without our prior written approval. One solution for cloning and mutagenesis: In-Fusion. Finally, a crucial advantage of the In-Fusion system is that it enables the generation of seamless and precisely engineered mutant constructs in which no extra bases are added unless desired by the researcher. 1). Recover desired mutant from the Stellar cells the following day. Choose the vector requiring modification and define final, mutated construct (Fig. In-Fusion Cloning protocol. This article was submitted to Nature Methods by a commercial organization and has not been peer reviewed. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Takara Bio Europe is a member of the Takara Bio Group, a leading life sciences company that is committed to improving the human condition through biotechnology. The cornerstone of In-Fusion Cloning technology is Takara Bios proprietary In-Fusion master mix, which fuses DNA fragments (e.g., PCR-generated sequences and linearized vectors) efficiently and precisely by recognizing a 15-bp overlap at their ends. It provides a final vector map and custom primer sequences, enabling seamless transition from design to bench work. How to Simulate In-Fusion Cloning in SnapGene. We describe in this edition a single, convenient system for both cloning and site-directed mutagenesis including deletions, base substitutions and base insertions. In addition to the cloning kit, this package includes: - A NucleoSpin Gel and PCR Clean-Up kit: This kit is suitable for gel extraction as well as PCR purification. Incubate your fragments with the In-Fusion reagent for 15 minutes at 50C. * In-Fusion Snap Assembly yielded 2X more colonies than NEBuilder HiFi. This is achieved by designing PCR primers containing- the template-specific portion and the vector-specific tail. In papers appearing in Nature Communications and elsewhere, the team reports on findings from the two-year excursion examining coral reefs. The In-Fusion Cloning protocol is simple and elegant. Privacy Policy Region - Benelux & France "In-Fusion technology is unique in its ability to provide scientists with a streamlined and efficient method to build any clone. Define the Insert Fragments Sequences To define the inserts use in combination of the following methods: Drag and drop files into the "Fragments" panel.
Is Ferris Wheel Press Ink Waterproof, Use Adobe Illustrator Offline, 2017 Raptor Rear Shocks, West Bend Egg Cooker Parts, Iphone 13 Pro Leather Case Midnight, Oil Painting Class Singapore, Ebay Fees Musical Instruments Uk, Ivation Air Conditioner Bracket,